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For the past 30 years I have concentrated on developing home energy systems that complement our highly energy efficient houses through building high thermal mass structures that reduce the energy consumption to heat and cool the home. My aim has always been to install energy systems that are powered with energy sources that are as renewable and sustainable as possible for the latest generation of technology. I have worked with many mechanical engineers over the years developing appropriate concept designs for the site our houses are built on and sized to our high thermal mass structures to minimize energy consumption. I have found myself often exasperated with mechanical engineers for their resistance to plan and work outside the box by implementing systems that are not like all the other systems they do every day for standard wood stick framing houses. They often calculate heating and cooling loads for R-13 walls and R-19 roofs when our homes were R-32 walls and roofs. I have never understood why highly educated people who after getting their certification, fall into doing the same thing over and over throughout their career and show little interest in keeping up with the latest technology or even analyzing whether such technologies are of significant enough substance to merit changing from what they know. Having been in both remedial and new construction for over 35 years and I have seen enough of building material products fail to live up to the manufacturer’s hype and promises, so I lean into being suspicious and skeptical of new products with high promises.  For me they must hold up to my assiduous scrutiny before I stake my reputation upon using them. So, I understand the reluctance of other professionals to use new products, but I am less empathic with those who refuse to utilize systems that are rooted in well-tried science such as natural convection air flow, solar thermal collectors for water source heating and for desiccant cooling or even to utilize high energy efficient heat pump water heaters. When Jimmy Carter was president of the United States, we became aware of our energy crisis that was a threat to national security, due to our high dependence on foreign oil to supply our high consumption of energy highly dependent upon fossil fuels. The worse part of this equation was our dependence upon oil from oil producing nations of the Middle East, most of which we had less than a stellar relationship. As far as anyone can remember there has been conflict in the region. Our western ways and lifestyle have been a source of resentment. The formation of OPEC in 1960 became a way that the largest oil producing nations could leverage the control of this commodity in price and supply to nations addicted to this source of energy. President Carter launched initiatives to research and develop new forms of renewable and sustainable energy with a twofold objective of reaching energy independence and reducing our deadly impact upon our environment by reducing emissions that destroy our ozone layer and other airborne pollution that increases greenhouse gas emissions. There were at least three main initiatives that President Carter wanted to promote: Major development of biofuel using our enormous surplus of grains that go to waste every year, to the point that we subsidize farmers not to grow crops or to grow other alternatives. Out of this research and development arose two major products: Ethanol and bio diesel fuel.  Under the Carter administration there was a move to incentivize auto manufacturers to switch over to production of diesel-powered engines for automobiles.  Diesel cars put out much less caustic emissions than gasoline engines. Diesel emissions are mostly carbon which falls quickly to the ground whereas gasoline engines put out carbon monoxide which is a clear gas that destroys the earth’s outside layer of ozone and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, which we now know have contributed to global warming.  It was believed that diesel powered cars through advancing technology could become zero emission vehicles. Regular diesel fuel is much easier to produce than gasoline and requires less energy to produce. Transition over to diesel powered cars did not go so well in the United States, in a large part because of a flaw in judgment made by General Motors Corporation who tried to convert regular gasoline internal combustion engines into diesel engines. Diesel works much differently than gas engines. Diesel engine combustion is produced by high pressure to combust the fuel so therefore a diesel engine must have a block that can hold up to this pressure, which generally means the block and cylinders must have much heavier iron to hold up to this demand than gas powered cars. There were even attempts to use aluminum blocks and cylinders. This attempt to convert gas engines to diesel proved to be a disastrous choice since these engines failed.  This experience tainted Americans from switching over to diesel cars.  The Europeans successfully did switch over to diesel and now have achieved nearly zero emissions. Another initiative was to convert internal combustion engines over to alternative fuels. The one route that took root and has continued is ethanol from our surplus grain. It was first called Gasohol, and which contained a larger percentage of ethanol to gas than now. The goal of this research was to transition from gasoline to alternative renewable sustainable fuels to be used in internal combustion engines. The intent was to transition by measure in order that auto manufacturers and energy companies could gradually adjust in tooling and growing technology. That transition was to move from gasoline to ethanol and from ethanol to liquid petroleum (propane) and finally over to being powered by natural gas, which we have in abundance.  All of these measures towards energy independence are great, but they still would not fuel cars and trucks with zero environmental impact or total zero emissions.  Each of these measures still requires a great deal of energy to produce and to transport. 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This pressurized hydrogen is used to run a internal combustion engine which turns an electric generator.  This hydrogen powered generator is very quiet and puts off zero emissions. More importantly this system provides electric energy 24 hours a day all year long without the need for batteries to store energy. In moderate climates the most efficient use of this thermal heat is in direct heating water as the vaporized liquid. This provides direct heat for domestic hot water and for water source heating for the home either through radiators or in radiant coils inside the air handler. In climates especially that have a high gradient temperature between day and night or climes which have many days without sun or temperatures below freezing, then a liquid like glycol is the absorbent liquid. The vaporized liquid rises to the condenser and the heat manifold and turns back to liquid and falls back to the solar exposed space. In such a system there is a built-in storage tank that maintains this cycle with natural thermal convection. In most closed loop systems, the heated fluid circulates through a water heater and through a system of radiant tubes either in direct radiant heat or through coils in the air handler and returns to the ETSC using a circulating pump to supply domestic hot water and for water source heating for the home. We recommend a dedicated low wattage circulating pump supplied by a photo-voltaic generator. Since the heat absorption tubes are protected within the evacuated tubes that prevent the loss of thermal energy and maintain the maximum heat absorption and because the evacuated clear tubes are cylindrical this system works effectively from sunrise to sunset and even on overcast days. Furthermore, the vacuum seal makes the system impervious to energy loss on cold days or the flow of air around the tubes. This system using cylindrical tubes optimizes the total thermal surface area for collecting thermal energy. The vacuum seal also prevents corrosion from the effects of the environment or from collection of condensation. This translates into continuous production of thermal energy every day, every season for a lifetime. This means this system saves you in energy costs consistently for many years directly using the free thermal energy of the sun. Now with solar thermal collectors surrounded by a clear cylindrical vacuum tube consistently provides heat for heating water for domestic hot water and for heating the home is a no brainer for this purpose, but it can also be utilized for a cooling system through desiccant cooling as well. A desiccant cooling system uses a material that removes moisture from the air with resulting cooling of the space where the relative humidity is extracted. A common readily accessible and inexpensive desiccant could be silica gel. Here is how a desiccant cooling system would work in conjunction with Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collectors. The ETSC provides consistent heat through the heated liquid medium which is produced by direct thermal energy of the sun. This heat is transferred to a desiccant wheel or rotor. The desiccant wheel rotates between the air flow and the heated fluid, which allows the desiccant material to absorb the moisture from the air. As the desiccant absorbs the moisture from the air it releases latent heat, which cools the air passing over it. The cooled dehumidified air provides effective cooling for your living space. In all our eco-sustainable plans we integrate the use of Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collectors as an integrated part of our heating and cooling system because it captures the direct thermal energy of the sun as a highly consistent, energy efficient and inexpensive heating and cooling systems for a lifetime. Furthermore, Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collectors are designed to last a lifetime because of their low maintenance.  If a tube gets broken or the thermal seal breaks it is just a matter of unscrewing the affected tube and screwing in a new one and you are back in business. Even though this system has not gained much public attention or been used as frequently as Solar Photovoltaic systems it requires less surface area than PV” s for the equivalent output and the cost of panels and installation are still less than half that of Solar Photovoltaic systems. It has now been nearly 50 years since President Jimmy Carter was president of the United States and whose administration shown a light upon our looming energy crisis.  He pointed out that our demand for fossil fuels exceeds what we could produce in this country, and this created a crisis of dependency.  His administration mandated an initiative to produce clean, sustainable and renewable forms of energy to rid us of dependence on other nations to supply our energy and to lead the way away from energy produced by fossil fuels to alternatives clean energy which would reduce air pollution and to lead the world in green energy technology. I ask you what grade would you give us on our progress toward energy independence and leading the world in green energy technology? It is my humble opinion that we surely should have been shed of Fossil Fuel by now to meet our energy demands long before now. We can point fingers and cast blame as much as we want, but it comes down to you and me shedding our ignorance about what fuel sources we should promote and applying public pressure upon our legislators to pass bills concerning green renewable energy technology. In 2009 I was contacted through my company website by Dr. Andrew Searcy.  Dr. Searcy had a PhD in hydrogen science.  He worked for Conoco Philips for nearly 30 years.  He told me that he had developed a protype automobile powered by hydrogen in 1984 and that Conoco Philips had secured the patent for this automobile, and they sold the patent to General Motors Corporation. So, I ask why have we not seen this automobile when we so much need zero emissions, totally renewable, sustainable and energy independent

Nobody wants spiders scurrying in corners; ants climbing in millimeter sized columns across your bench tops. Not exactly ideal houseguests. But the good news is that you don’t have to be the best, most neat, and well-organized person in the world. There are so many simple, practical ways to make your space insect-unfriendly. Here’s how to make a start on your new insect-free life. Seal Up Any Sneaky Bug Entry Points Bugs are world-class at hiding, often finding their way into the smallest crevices of your home. Take a look around inside and outside for any entry points they might use to get in. These are the places to focus on: Windows Doors Utility pipes Vents Places where walls meet ceilings or floors Any cracks or gaps in your home’s outer walls Seal up any sneaky bug access routes with caulk, weather-stripping or expanding foam. Feel for drafts? Air can get in – insects can get in, too! If you can slide a piece of paper into a jam or a crack, expect bugs to be able to slide their bodies in there, too. So check thoroughly now, and then keep looking and sealing up anything you find. The tighter your home, the less bugs actually get in! Install Tight Fitting Screens Screens open up a room to fresh air while keeping bugs out. See that yours are in good repair and fit well into the jambs and heads of your windows and doors. Use fiberglass, metal or vinyl screen material Opt for a tight mesh count of 18×16 or smaller For super tiny insects, go for stainless steel mesh around 18×20 count Repair any rips, holes or gaps immediately Well-fitted screens are an excellent line of defense against bug invaders! Weatherstrip Some More! With screens, though, some can slip in through the cracks if you leave the doors and windows open. Use vinyl, rubber, felt or a combined material Apply weather-stripping around the entire perimeter of doors and windows Choose styles that compress and seal tightly when closed Check for gaps and reapply weather-stripping as needed Take the time to do this right – and check weather-stripping regularly for open gaps and bad seals. Cutting off any perimeter cracks keeps bugs outside! Install Door Sweeps Have you ever watched a bug with a flattened body bend itself to get into the tiniest of areas, perhaps an opening of no more than ⅛ of an inch? This is how insects get inside. A door sweep is used to block the crack at the base of a door in which insects can make their way indoors. Choose sweeps with bristles, vinyl fins or dense sealing fabric Make sure they fit snugly from door edge to floor Check garage doors carefully – the sweep needs to accommodate uneven concrete A good sweep embraces frames a door like a door hugger; his bottom edge is pressed against (set tight) the threshold so you can give the door a good shake and the sweep doesn’t budge an inch. Bugs beware: no more Pad Dinhi, no more fleas, no more mosquitoes. Light Up Your Yard Only Where Needed Leaving lights on all night will attract clouds of insects. Switch off outdoor lights except those needed for navigation and safety. Use downward facing or directional bulbs Focus lights only on frequented spaces like entries, decks and patios Try amber or yellow bulbs that draw fewer insects Install motion activated lighting that only turns on when it senses movement Shine light exactly where you need it, and keep the rest of your yard dark. It’s a matter of mathematical proportionality: fewer lights means fewer bugs attracted, by a greater margin, to the door! Make Your Yard Less Bug-Friendly Some plants or lawn areas buzz with insects like an outdoor bug barbecue Don’t become part of the meal by: Keeping flowering plants away from your home’s exterior Trimming back vegetation touching the house Eliminating any standing water – empty birdbaths, fix leaky hoses, etc. Maintaining the lawn – mow, rake leaves, remove debris piles Removing wood stacks, compost bins and any rotting vegetation far from your home A dry, clean place is far less attractive to hungry and sheltered bugs. Store Food in Sealed Containers Like Winnie the Pooh following his nose to sweet honey, bugs go directly to whatever source of food they sniff out. Outsmart them by: Store all flours, cereals, rice, etc in your pantry in plastic or glass – no bags or cardboard! Using airtight lids on all people food, pet food, garbage cans and recycling bins Emptying trash, recyclables, and compost frequently Rinsing food debris from dishes, counters and recycling immediately after use Never leaving out uncovered human or pet foods Prevent bug appetites from pilfering your goodies by storing them in odor-blocking containers. No insect can smell your food. Caulk and Seal Exterior Cracks Inspect where walls meet foundations, fixtures and vents for potential entry gaps Check spaces between siding boards, bricks or construction materials Use caulk or spray foam to completely seal all cracks and crevices you find Inspect sealed areas after freezing weather which can re-open gaps Hunt for those access cracks on the outside edge. Try closing them up completely and the bugs can’t wiggle in. Deploy Smelly Insect Repellent Plants Plants help us protect our gardens with unpleasant smells, oils and textures – so why not create an outdoor stink barrier? Some excellent choices: Lavender Mint Marigolds Basil Chrysanthemums Garlic Catnip Set them about entryways, patios, planting beds and perimeters of your yard. Smelly plants at work! Call In the Pros When Needed Sometimes insect problems just become an issue. Maybe you’ve seen one or two, maybe it’s an allergy issue or there’s been an absolute infestation. No shame in having pest control people coming with the heavy artillery! Some instances when pros are worthwhile: Severe allergies to chemicals or stings Dangerous pests like nests of wasps DIY approaches failed and problem got worse Unsure of infestation

We are so glad that your search has brought you to this blog post or to our web site because we know that you are serious about designing and building your truly ecologically sustainable custom home! Designing and building homes to be low impact environmentally and energy efficient has been our primary guiding principle for 35+ years. Eco Sustainable Home Designs has been dedicated to the sole objective of designing and building the most superior houses that are very low maintenance and highly energy efficient for each of our clients.   We provide: Comprehensive Home Building Plans Custom Plan Designs Recommended Eco-Friendly Home Elements Extensive Detailed Construction Plans with Notes and Clear Cross Sections for You and Your Builder to Understand Your Criteria for Building a Superior Home. Lot Evaluation for Placement and Integrating Your Lot’s Unique Natural Resources so Your Plan is Designed for Your Lot and Your Prime Objectives We have never built speculative houses that are mostly guided by building with the cheapest materials and labor and relying on the latest trends and fads to sell our houses, so subsequently we have never been tempted to compromise on structure to provide the latest finish materials. The building structure and energy efficient operating systems are the most important. These are the elements that make your home durable, dependable and sustainable and save you thousands of dollars on maintenance and energy over your lifetime. The finishing elements, especially on the interior of your home can be changed or updated when your budget can afford. The planning and building of a superior structure will see you through the wear and tear of the environment and the natural disasters that may come your way. If you read on, then soon you will become confident that you have come to the right place to rely on our expertise to guide you in one of the most important pursuits of your lifetime. Little else is as gratifying as designing and building your own custom home. You have probably lived in other houses and apartments and by now know what you really want in your last house. Some of you have had less than pleasant experiences with your former abodes, especially in costly repairs, maintenance and high energy costs. You also probably have wondered whether there are superior alternatives of construction than what you presently see and since you are here you have a genuine commitment to being a better steward of the earth’s resources and lowering your carbon footprint. I have good news for you! There are affordable alternatives for building that genuinely make a much lower impact on the environment than conventional construction. These alternative building forms of construction use materials that are low maintenance highly energy efficient and are completely sustainable with materials and energy systems that are renewable. Yes, these alternative renewable forms of construction and energy renewable heating and cooling systems are a small percentage more expensive initially to build than standard construction, but beyond that the superiority of these methods have no comparison to standard construction. You must take a long view beyond the initial cost to look at the immeasurable cost savings in upkeep and energy consumption savings over your lifetime. Eco Sustainable Home Designs will collaborate with clients to build the last house they will ever need! Now is time to take your first step on this journey by employing a professional designer who can partner with you in this most key step of developing a comprehensive building plan. So now you are ready to take stock of your financial resources, your individualized ideas for your living space and your commitment to building an eco-sustainable structure. In this process inevitably you must come down to a budget you can afford. Comprehensive Planning Elements  Remember you are building a one-of-a-kind home with your unique ideas about a floor plan that fits your needs and your individual taste.   Consultation Provided You will be building on your unique lot, so you are responsible to thoroughly evaluate what natural resources are present and how they may be utilized in the construction and renewable sustainable energy systems that control the comfort of the interior. How are you going to plan outdoor living spaces to best connect with nature?   Construction Design vs. Lot There are two questions that I get regularly: Should I pick a lot first and then design a house that best suits the lot? Or should I pick a plan and then search for a lot that is best suited for my house plan? There is no one correct answer. I lean toward the first question, but after all these years of designing and building custom homes for my individual clients I have found in practice that both questions are addressed in the planning process. Often my clients have come to me with floor plans they really like and have a place they really like, so the home must be designed with alterations to best accommodate the lot. Either approach is going to require modifications of your original plans. Eco Sustainable Home Designs is here to help!   Of course, choosing a place you would really like to live is of paramount importance to you! However, for example you may know you want a single-story house on a monolithic slab, then choosing a lot that has a gentle slope to flat terrain is essential, because having to build a basement or crawl space is a significant expense that will take a big bite out of your budget. If your lot requires a basement or crawl space, then make sure you evaluate how you are going to use that space in your overall square footage and living space.   Detailed Plans = Efficient Construction   Nobody has ever built your house on your lot, so they do not know what it will cost to build it. Our detailed building plans provide builders with drawings with cross sections and easily understandable notes on how to build the structure and

Designing or remodeling a home in Miami isn’t just about style—it’s about mastering heat, humidity, hurricanes, and rising energy costs. In this guide, you’ll find everything you need to plan Energy Efficient Home Designs Miami FL homeowners can actually build and pass permitting, while keeping bills low and comfort high. Miami’s climate & codes: what they mean for your design Hot-humid climate (Zone 1A). Miami sits in one of the hottest, most humid U.S. climate zones, which changes how you insulate, shade, ventilate, and condition a home. Expect long cooling seasons, high dew points, and frequent storms. Energy Codes Florida Building Code (Energy). New construction and major remodels must meet Florida’s energy conservation requirements, which are based on IECC climate zones. That framework drives envelope performance (air sealing, insulation, ducts) and equipment efficiency. ICC Digital Codes+1 Hurricane & impact requirements. In Miami-Dade’s High Velocity Hurricane Zone (HVHZ), windows/doors and many assemblies need Miami-Dade Product Control approvals (a.k.a. “NOAs”). Choosing impact-rated, energy-efficient fenestration is non-negotiable. Miami-Dade County+1 Cool roof rules (City of Miami). Low-slope roofs on new buildings must use high-reflectance roofing to reduce heat island impacts—great news for comfort and energy bills. miami-fl.elaws.us Flood & freeboard. Many Miami properties fall in flood zones; local rules often require elevating finished floors above Base Flood Elevation (with freeboard). Plan your mechanicals and insulation details accordingly. Miami Beach – Rising AboveFlorida Building Code Bottom line: Energy Efficient Home Designs Miami FL must balance hot-humid building science, hurricane strength, and local ordinances from day one. The Miami-optimized building envelope 1) Roof & attic (your biggest heat gain): Pair reflective/cool roofing (meeting local reflectance requirements where applicable) with proper attic ventilation and robust insulation. Unvented, spray-foamed attics can work well for hurricane resilience and duct placement when detailed correctly. miami-fl.elaws.us Keep ductwork inside conditioned space whenever possible to slash losses and humidity problems; this approach aligns with ENERGY STAR guidance. ENERGY STAR 2) Walls & air sealing: In a hot-humid climate, air sealing is as important as R-value. Aim for tight construction verified by a blower door test; manage bulk water and vapor at the exterior. DOE’s code resources highlight why stopping uncontrolled air flow matters for efficiency and durability. continuousinsulation.org Use continuous exterior insulation or advanced wall systems to limit thermal bridging and help control interior moisture. 3) Windows & doors: Choose low-SHGC, impact-rated glazing to reduce solar heat gain while meeting HVHZ approvals (look up NOAs in the county product database). Add fixed exterior shading (deep overhangs, awnings) on east/west exposures. Miami-Dade County Read Also:-Steel Frame House Design Plans Miami FL — The Complete 2025 Guide Cooling, dehumidification & healthy air Right-sized, variable-speed heat pumps. Miami homes benefit from high-efficiency, variable-capacity heat pumps (ducted or ductless) with proper Manual J/S/D design. Keep supply/return ducts sealed and, ideally, within the conditioned envelope; where ducts run in unconditioned spaces, meet or exceed R-values per best-practice checklists. ENERGY STAR Dedicated dehumidification or smart ventilation. In hot-humid homes, comfort and IAQ often hinge on moisture control, not just temperature. Energy recovery ventilation (ERV) is typically preferred over HRV in humid climates, and balanced, controlled ventilation helps limit latent loads. southface.org Filtration & fresh air. Use MERV 11–13 filters, sealed returns, and measured airflow. Keep mechanical rooms inside conditioned space above flood elevations where feasible. Pro tip: Design for sensible + latent load control. That’s the secret sauce behind truly Energy Efficient Home Designs Miami FL residents love to live in. Solar, storage & grid programs in Miami Net metering with FPL. Florida Power & Light offers net metering for approved residential solar systems; systems must meet interconnection guidelines (e.g., size limits tied to usage). Check specifics before design. FPL+1 Local rebates & utility programs. FPL runs ongoing efficiency programs and limited rebates (e.g., A/C rebates, insulation offers, BuildSmart® certification for new homes). These can meaningfully reduce first cost. FPL+1 Federal incentives. Homeowners may qualify for the 30% federal tax credit for solar and certain efficiency upgrades; DOE also outlines credits for insulation and air sealing. The Department of Energy’s Energy.gov Florida Energy Rebates (IRA HOMES & HEEHRA). Florida’s statewide rebate rollout is in progress; the state expects broader access later in 2025—plan ahead to capture them as they launch. Florida Department of Agriculture+1 Financing options that fit Miami. PACE financing (in eligible areas) can fund solar, impact windows, efficient HVAC, and more—repaid via your property tax bill. SELF (Solar & Energy Loan Fund) offers accessible loans for energy/water resilience upgrades in Miami-Dade. Miami-Dade County+1 Water-smart, storm-smart landscape design Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ (FFL). Use native or adapted plants, design smarter irrigation, add mulch, and manage runoff. Miami-Dade encourages these principles and requires rain/soil-moisture shutoffs for irrigation on new builds—great for efficiency and water quality. Miami-Dade Countyffl.ifas.ufl.edusfyl.ifas.ufl.edu Site planning for resilience. Grade to drain away from the structure, elevate equipment above flood risk, and use permeable hardscapes and rain gardens to reduce runoff. Certifications that matter in Florida FGBC (Florida Green Building Coalition). A Florida-specific, points-based certification tuned to the state’s climate and resilience needs; it’s a strong fit for Energy Efficient Home Designs Miami FL projects. Pair with ENERGY STAR for mechanical and envelope quality assurance. floridagreenbuilding.org A model spec for Energy Efficient Home Designs Miami FL Use this as a conversation starter with your architect, builder, and rater: Orientation & shading: Optimize glazing on north/south; control east/west sun with overhangs and vertical fins. Roof/attic: High-reflectance roof (where required), sealed unvented attic with spray foam or vented attic with radiant barrier + robust insulation; ducts inside. miami-fl.elaws.usENERGY STAR Walls: Tight envelope (< target ACH50 verified), continuous exterior insulation where feasible, robust water management layers. continuousinsulation.org Windows/doors: Impact-rated, low-SHGC glazing; verify NOAs in Miami-Dade Product Control. Miami-Dade County HVAC: Variable-speed heat pump (high SEER2/EER2), Manual J/S/D sizing, dedicated whole-home dehumidifier or ERV. southface.org Controls: Smart thermostat, zoned control, and humidity setpoints. Water heating: Heat pump water heater in semi-conditioned space with proper condensate management. Solar & storage: PV sized to usage and interconnection guidelines; consider battery for backup +

Have you ever felt frustrated with the direction your city is going? Like the people in charge are taking things in a way that doesn’t match what you and your neighbors really want? I’ve been there too. But the good news is, you have more power than you realize over the future of your community. There’s this important thing called the Comprehensive Building Plans that lays out the vision for how and where your city will grow over the next couple decades. The problem is, most people don’t really understand what the comprehensive plan is or how to influence it. But that’s about to change. Because if you learn how to get involved at the right time in the process, you can truly help steer your community toward the future you want to see. What are Comprehensive Building Plans? A comprehensive plan goes by other names too – some places call it the general plan or master plan. But whatever you call it, this document is basically the playbook for the future of your city. It covers big topics like: Land Use – What kinds of development will go where? How dense or spread out will things be? Housing – What types of housing are needed now and down the road as demographics change? Transportation – How will people get around by car, public transit, biking and walking? What investments are needed? Economic Development – How will the city support local jobs, businesses, and the tax base? Parks, Trails and Open Space – What kind of recreation opportunities are needed and where should they be located? Community Facilities – How should essential public assets like schools, libraries, hospitals and civic buildings serve residents? Resilience and Sustainability – How will the city adapt to changes like climate change and steward natural resources? And More – Infrastructure, historic preservation, arts and culture, code enforcement, etc. As you can see, the comprehensive plan covers a ton of ground. It sets the basic policy direction on all these issues to guide future growth and community investments. City staff and leaders use the plan to shape important steps like: Updating zoning rules and development regulations Making budget and funding decisions Planning transportation improvements Siting public facilities like parks and schools Setting priorities for programs and initiatives Because it influences so many things, the comp plan is an incredibly important tool for shaping the future of your city! Fresh Approach to Planning In the past, many Comprehensive Building Plans were created in a pretty old-school way. The city planning staff and consultants would go off in isolation to write this big report. They’d come back with a “finished” plan and hold a few public meetings mainly just to present it. Residents could give some feedback, but the vision was already baked in. As you can imagine, that process didn’t always result in a plan that truly reflected what everyday community members wanted and valued. Luckily, times are changing when it comes to city planning. People today want to live in walkable neighborhoods that give easy access to shops, transit, and amenities. Urban living is becoming more popular, especially among younger generations who are seeking out cities first instead of just looking for suburban homes and commuting to jobs. Homebuyers are willing to pay a premium for neighborhoods where they can get around by foot, bike or transit – not just cars. A recent study found buyers will pay 35% more, and renters a whopping 41% more, to have transportation options beyond just driving. What does this mean for the comprehensive plan? For one thing, cities need to focus more on creating compact, mixed-use places people actually want to live and work in. They have to move beyond the old ways of strictly separating land uses through single-use zoning. The comp plan can’t just be about managing growth way out on the suburban fringe anymore. Most importantly, a successful comprehensive plan reflects the true desires and values of the whole community – not just affluent homeowners or special interests. For that to happen, planners have to reach out early to groups that have been left out of past planning like renters, immigrants, shift workers, young people and communities of color. Their voices and priorities need to help shape the vision too. Read Also:-Modify Existing House Layout A Complete Guide 6 Ways You Can Help Influence the Process So how can you actually have an impact when your city creates its next comprehensive plan? Here are 6 tips: Learn the Key Players Start by getting to know who the important decision-makers and stakeholders are in your city’s planning. Which elected officials and city staff will be involved? What boards or commissions have a role? Are there influential community groups or business interests that will want input? Understanding the players will help you strategize how to effectively engage in the process. Who can you build partnerships and alignment with? Who are potential obstacles you may need to convince? This insight will be invaluable. Meet People Where They Are One big shift in planning is finding new ways to actually engage everyday residents – not just expect people to come to meetings. Set up booths to involve folks at popular community events, parks and markets. Recruit a diverse team of community ambassadors to tap into their own networks and get more people involved. Make engagement super convenient through tools like online surveys or text-based input. Provide stipends for lower-income residents or youth to participate. Find out when and where different groups already gather and see if you can show up, listen and get input. Go to faith congregations, jobs centers, college campuses and neighborhood hangouts. The goal is removing as many barriers as possible to participation so you hear from all segments of the community. Get Up to Speed on Trends Impacting Cities Before you dive into giving input, learn about forces that will shape future planning – things like driverless cars, the shift to remote work, climate change

We are accustomed to seeing large industrial and garage-style buildings, such as Prefabricated Metal Buildings, constructed with prefabricated steel components, but using such buildings for residential dwellings is not as common. However, it is becoming a new trend in construction. This new trend is not really new. In the 1980s, there was a real estate developer, Karl Nilsen, who had an idea for developing a tract of land in Connecticut for an equine community for horse lovers. His vision was for a green space for grazing and exercising horses and building pole barns to house horses and for residential living space. He coined the name “barndominium” for such dwellings. This idea has taken on an assortment of special interest communities. We have seen such communities for small aircraft enthusiasts, where hangar and residential buildings are built around an airstrip. I have seen communities where such combination dwellings are for art guilds, where artisans of various crafts have their studios in the same place where they live. This is also the same place where they sell their masterpieces. The Coronavirus pandemic changed our ways of living. Many people who were able to keep their jobs did so by working remotely from home, and those who found themselves without a job became resourceful by creating a job for themselves selling a product or service they could do from their home. Many decided to build upon an existing side hustle as their full-time job. Others decided to pursue a passion they always wanted to do but were too busy working for someone else to have time to pursue their passion. Prefabricated Metal Buildings became a popular choice for those seeking to establish their home-based businesses, offering durability and efficiency in construction. Entrepreneurs of new start-up businesses are always cognizant of the fundamental of keeping overhead costs to a minimum to have a chance of realizing a profit in the first year or two. The ideal situation is to be able to live and work under the same roof. During the pandemic, a growing number of people moved from big cities to rural areas and small towns. The largest sector of this group to make this transition were young adults aged 25-35 years old. Some moved because they felt it would be safer than living in big cities, and others moved to places where they could enjoy nature and hike, climb, bike, or kayak in the same place where they live and work. Another major factor is that real estate is less expensive in rural areas compared to living closer to a big city. Usually, property taxes are also less expensive. Furthermore, you can attain larger land lots and have the opportunity to live off the produce you grow or graze. With this exodus from the city to the country, there has been a growing interest in barndominiums. This construction trend has taken the form of prefabricated steel buildings more so than wood pole barns. So, why are prefabricated metal buildings ideal for multi-function structures, particularly for workshop and home under one roof? Prefabricated steel buildings have the capacity for enormous wide-open clear spans that cannot be attained by wood or light gauge steel onsite framing. This makes them extremely space efficient and able to maximize open-style floor plans with vaulted ceilings. Furthermore, depending upon the manufacturer, the side walls can be between 20-24’ high, which gives you the option for a second story or loft space for storage. Some of the metal building systems have the option of expanding the open space clear to the bottom of the ridge beam, which gives you open vaulted ceilings and even more headroom for greater storage or living space. Prefabricated steel buildings are carefully engineered to exacting requirements and made in a controlled manufacturing environment, and most come with certified engineering letters which most municipalities will acknowledge. This makes the system superior to any onsite stick framing. Prefab steel building manufacturers make all the parts in their plant and are ready to quickly assemble on your building site. This means that after your monolithic slab foundation is poured and cured (cure time should be at least 14 days before adding structure loads to it), the assembly time is 2 days to 2 weeks. This includes not only the exterior structure components but also roof and wall panels. The average time for onsite framed houses to be completely closed in is 4-6 months. This is a very significant difference, saving you a great deal in labor costs and interest on your construction loan. This also means that once it is under roof, you could live there while the inside work is being done. This might not be acceptable to some, but it saves you from paying rent or mortgage payments on two places while you are waiting for your house to be completed. The average time frame for building a stick-framed house on your site is 9-16 months, whereas the average time for completing a prefabbed steel building is 4-6 months. This would save you greatly in labor and interest payments. It is worth noting that the average cost for assembling your steel frame building on your slab with the plumbing and electrical roughed in under your slab and the system being completely enclosed averages $30-$40 per square foot, whereas the average cost of being at the same stage in construction for stick-framed houses is $85-$100 per square foot. The relevance of this fact is that on your construction loan, you are paying interest on the amount that has been drawn to date. The greater the draw and the time frame in which you are paying interest on these accumulated draws is highly significant. The average cost of building a prefabricated steel building, not including the cost of the lot, is $125-$160 per square foot, whereas standard stick construction, not including your lot, is $150-$220 per square foot. Finally, the fact that these kits are squares or rectangles with relatively tall side walls to get multiple

The other day, I was thinking about how to make houses more eco-friendly. What if we built houses from scratch to be as sustainable as possible? And then maybe even entire communities? I’m hoping people can suggest materials and processes. For example, we could have dry bathrooms, solar panels on the roof, and systems to capture and purify rainwater for different uses like bathing and washing. We could also reuse that water multiple times or use it to water gardens. Imagine building houses using recycled materials like tires or eco-bricks. We could generate energy with workout bikes or small water mills. Using locally made eco-friendly soap and shampoo would be a must. Growing an orchard and buying locally would be ideal too. We also need to consider the environmental impact of transporting materials. The whole process should be as eco-friendly and cheap as possible. I know a bit about this, but I’d love for others to share their knowledge. By combining what we know, we can turn this idea into a reality. If we build a model eco-friendly house, we can use it to guide updates for existing homes. I’d appreciate help in sharing this idea on relevant subreddits, as I’m not familiar with many. I’ll focus on my area—Poland. When thinking about eco-friendly building, materials are the first priority. Though I’m no expert and open to more ideas, I’d use hempcrete, wood, bamboo (not local), metal for support, and hemp for insulation. Next is the design. I prefer medium to high-density buildings (150-300 people). For such buildings, a square base works if there’s no courtyard, and a rectangular base if there is. Apartments should face north (with a ±30° margin). Imagine an equilateral triangle pointing north, with large windows on the inner side for sunlight. The building would be six stories high (excluding the basement). To avoid disputes over room angles, we can use corners for large water tanks: one for untreated rainwater, one for treated sewage, and one for drinking water. This setup allows separate water streams: one for drinking and cooking, and one grey water stream for showering/washing/flushing. The building would have a two-story basement. The first level for sewage treatment and rainwater filtering, and the second for battery storage (using eco-friendly saltwater batteries). Inside, the first two floors would house students (they can be loud) and the elderly (less noise and easier access). The third floor would be for social utilities like a laundry, community kitchen, pantry, library, kindergarten, and gym. Floors four and five would be residential, mainly for families and friends. At this height, they can see tree crowns outside, providing privacy. The sixth floor would be a greenhouse, with half of the roof covered in solar panels, combining greenhouse and solar energy. Produce can be stored in the community pantry for everyone. Another thing to consider is that houses need to be designed for the specific region they are in. For example, the southeastern coast of the U.S. needs to handle heat, humidity, hurricanes, and occasional freezing. Overall, the weather will get warmer, but severe events will become worse and more frequent. I’m interested in the Pacific Northwest, where we need to prepare for big earthquakes, but usually, it’s cool and rainy. However, Portland did hit 116°F last summer! There’s no one-size-fits-all solution. We might consider looking back at traditional regional building styles, as they were created for good reasons. Though, modern conveniences like window screens, TV, and air conditioning have changed a lot of that. Jumping in to add my favourite type of house (one I still hope to build one day!) cob houses, http://tinyhousetalk.com/wp-content/uploads/Cob-House-Sustainable-Building-Exploring-Alternatives-1.jpg And straw bale houses, https://dornob.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/straw_bale_house_padgitt_2.jpg I find them beautiful, easy to build, durable and sustainable. I would second the other ideas in this thread of passive solar, rainwater catchment etc. I would love to live in a village of cob tiny houses… As what other people have said, it depends on the region, the availability of specific types of resources and the environments where these homes will be. Break it down between new construction and old construction (existing buildings) New Construction Depending on the climate and the potential hazards, combined with the natural available resources and biome, along with social factors.The best place to start would be in urban planning. Before any building goes up, the entire development should be planned out or at least thought out with ecological and social topics in mind. These plans should balance individual privacy and autonomy, community areas and commons, density, transportation, and the local ecology and geology. It is important to have communities in the best areas possible to handle floods, storms, fire, and other natural factors. Things like rammed earth can survive fires and tornadoes but may not do well in hurricanes and floods. Everything has a place. This video can lay out some things to keep in mind when thinking about this. A ton can be said about urban planning this channel is great when it comes to explaining the fails and wins of what kinds of urban planning really make people happy. Another question with urban development and ecological housing is how to balance density with the environment while keeping the individual, the collective and the environment working in a symbiotic relationship.That focus would be towards minimizing the need for external factors, minimizing electrical, water and HVAC use and maximizing passive solutions or low tech solutions. Other people mentioned earth ships, and they use passive options like long tubes in the ground that act as low tech AC. But why would this matter? Because if passive heating, cooling and lighting is built into the design of the buildings, before they are even built, that will change their shape and how they interact with the environment as a whole.This is another great video that covers a lot of passive building, but making sure it all interacts and one persons building is not shading another. From there you can talk about building materials, building types, earthships vs yurts vs geodesic domes vs aircrete domes etc. But ultimately it is more important to understand the systems that go into a home and get as close to a closed loop system as possible.Water for example can be collected through rain water, and used for drinking, or showering. That used water is also called grey water and can be reused as long as there are soaps and stuff that don’t hurt plants, and that grey water can be used to water plants, the excess of that can go to flushing a toilet, then the sewage also called black water, goes to a septic tank to take out the solids, and the water from that is used in outdoor areas with soil. So the water never really goes to waste, there is always a use. It minimizes how much water gets used in the total system. And that should be the goal. Reuse things when you can, as much as possible and minimize waste.Once you get this idea in your mind, think about other ways our current system wastes electricity, heat, cold air, and think of different ways you can harness that as much as possible. With that include different natural resources into that system. Hemp is amazing because it is a plant that sequesters carbon, can be used for making herbal medicines and other non psychoactive uses, it grows incredibly fast, the fibers can be used to make clothes, paper, and even wood. It is an incredible plant that was replaced with plastics because you guessed it. Capitalism and corporate greed. With your points on supply chains, these homes also would double as greenhouses and have areas inside and out. Inside, more exotic plants can be grown year round, out of season since all the inputs (water, temp, humidity, light) can be controlled. So that cuts down on needing outside resources if you can grow them indoors, locally. Same idea with aquaponics to tie in recycling and food systems. Grey water is used for the fish water (if it doesnt have soap and if safe for fish), the fish will grow and poop, that fish water is actually amazing for plants, so that is given to the plants, and that water then goes to flushing your toilet and so on. Then you have awesome veggies, fruit, whatever you want to grow along with fish as a protein source either for you, your animals or just keep them as pets. Circular patterns and systems. Old Construction Big thing I see in a ton of solarpunk aesthetics is a focus on a far off future world. Which is great and I want that all. But what about the near future? What about the homes and apartments and high rises that are already here? Is is ecological to demolish them to make super adobe homes? Or is it better to retrofit and upgrade where we can, and anything new we need to build will be ecological and follow the ideas other people are suggesting in here as well? Big one will be insulation. Many homes are poorly insulated and at the moment most countries are using fiberglass. There are plenty alternatives that not only sequester carbon, but has a bunch of different uses. You guessed it. Hemp. So instead of knocking existing homes down, we make them better insulated. Change their systems when we can to be more like earth ships and other ecological homes. On a municipal level, we can

Thinking about reconfiguring rooms, opening walls, or creating a better flow without moving? This guide walks you through everything you need to Modify Existing House Layout Miami FL—from zoning and permits to hurricane and flood rules—so you can plan confidently and avoid costly missteps. Why modify instead of move? Unlock space you already have: Reclaim circulation space, merge small rooms, or add a flex suite for guests or short-term family stays. Boost value with code-compliant upgrades: Smart layout changes tied to life-safety, wind, and energy standards can increase market appeal in Miami’s HVHZ (High Velocity Hurricane Zone). Tailor to Miami living: Indoor-outdoor flow, humidity control, and hurricane resilience matter here far more than in most U.S. cities. At-a-Glance Roadmap Check if your idea needs a permit and whether it’s allowed by zoning. Hire the right pros (architect/engineer/GC). Design to current Florida Building Code (2023, 8th Ed.). Prepare permit documents (plans, product approvals, Notice of Commencement if applicable). Submit, revise, and get approvals. Build, pass inspections, and close the permit. In the City of Miami, interior remodels that “change layout” typically need a permit and signed & sealed plans; very small, non-structural scopes may be walk-through eligible with limits. Step 1 — Scope & Permit Triggers Any plan to Modify Existing House Layout Miami FL—removing/adding walls, altering bedrooms/baths, or changing egress—requires a building permit. Structural changes almost always require signed and sealed drawings from a Florida-licensed architect or engineer. The City’s interior-remodel page also outlines digital submittal and reviewer disciplines (structural, electrical, mechanical, plumbing, zoning, fire), plus thresholds for same-day review on small residential jobs. Notice of Commencement (NOC): In Miami-Dade, most jobs over $5,000 require recording an NOC before the first inspection. Step 2 — Zoning (Setbacks, Lot Coverage, Parking) Before drawing walls, verify your site’s zoning rules. The City of Miami uses Miami 21, a form-based code that controls setbacks, lot coverage, height, parking, and additions—especially important if your layout changes push exterior walls, add floor area, or convert garage space. Single-family neighborhoods are typically in T3 zones, but confirm your parcel. Start with the Miami 21 overview and zoning code pages. Step 3 — Design to the 2023 Florida Building Code (FBC) Florida adopted the 8th Edition (2023) FBC effective December 31, 2023. Any permitted alteration today must meet relevant current provisions, including life safety and (often) energy measures. Miami Key residential items that commonly affect interior layout changes: Emergency escape & rescue openings (Egress): Every sleeping room must have a compliant EERO (often a window meeting net clear opening and sill-height rules). If you create a new bedroom or reclassify a room as a bedroom, you must meet FBC-Residential R310. ICC Digital Codes Smoke & CO alarms: Layout changes near bedrooms often trigger alarm additions/updates per R314 (smoke) and R315 (CO)—including interconnection and placement. ICC Digital Codes+1 Impact protection (HVHZ): Replacing or enlarging exterior doors/windows during a remodel typically requires impact-rated products or approved shutters with Florida Product Approval or Miami-Dade NOA. Plan reviewers will ask for those approvals. Energy code: The FBC Energy Conservation section can require air-sealing, insulation, and (when HVAC changes occur) duct leakage testing or mechanical compliance. Factor this in when shifting rooms or moving equipment. Step 4 — Flood Zones & the “50% Rule” (Read this twice) If your property is in a FEMA flood zone, substantial improvement rules may apply. When the cost of improvements reaches 50% or more of the structure’s market value, the project is deemed Substantial Improvement, triggering compliance with flood-plain standards (e.g., elevating or floodproofing as required for new construction in that zone). Miami and Miami Beach enforce this during permit review. MiamiMiami-Dade County Tip: Ask your design team to check the flood zone early, estimate improvement costs, and discuss mitigation strategies so your plan to Modify Existing House Layout Miami FL doesn’t accidentally trigger full flood upgrades. Step 5 — Historic or Conservation Areas Own a home in a locally designated historic district or an individually designated property? Exterior changes (and some interior items affecting exterior appearance/structure) require a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA)—Standard for smaller work and Special for new construction/major alterations—through the City’s Historic & Environmental Preservation process. Coordinate this before you submit for building permits. Miami+1 Step 6 — Product Approvals & Technical Submittals Plan for these typical attachments during permitting: Signed & sealed plans (architect/engineer) with code summaries. Miami-Dade NOAs / Florida Product Approvals for doors/windows (HVHZ). Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing sheets if you move kitchens, baths, laundry, or equipment. NOC (>$5,000). Step 7 — Owner-Builder vs. Licensed Contractor Florida law allows an owner-builder exemption under certain conditions, but you must personally supervise work not done by licensed pros and sign specific disclosures. Miami-Dade also requires an owner-builder validation appointment. For many projects, hiring a licensed contractor and licensed subs is safer and faster. Florida LegislatureMiami-Dade County Read Also:- Harnessing the Power of the Sun and reducing our dependence upon Greenhouse Gasses Step 8 — Construction & Inspections Expect discipline-specific inspections (building, electrical, mechanical, plumbing, possibly zoning/flood/historic) at milestones—framing, rough MEP, insulation/air-seal (if applicable), and final. Close the permit by passing finals and ensuring all revisions are as-built on record. Design Moves That Work in Miami When you Modify Existing House Layout Miami FL, consider: Create an open core, keep structure honest: Remove partitions strategically and replace with beams/columns engineered for hurricane-zone loads; this preserves flow without compromising resistance. (Engineer stamps required for structural changes.) Bedroom upgrades that meet egress: Converting a den to a bedroom? Verify the window size, sill height, and operation meet R310. ICC Digital Codes Wet-room clustering: Group new baths/laundry near existing stacks to reduce plumbing complexity and slab trenching. Indoor-outdoor transitions: If enlarging openings to a patio, specify impact-rated doors with valid approvals and plan for threshold waterproofing and energy sealing. Humidity-smart kitchens & baths: Add ventilation and consider dehumidification when relocating kitchens or showers; it protects finishes and reduces mold risk (also helps with energy compliance). Common Pitfalls (and how to avoid them) Unpermitted prior work: Discovered

For centuries innovative and resourceful designers and builders have recognized that the most fundamental efficient Renewable energy systemsExplore the evolution of solar thermal collectors, vital for renewable energy systems, offering sustainable heating and cooling solutions for homes. is the direct energy of the sun. They have used the heating factor of the sun both passively and actively to heat a house or building. The earliest example I have seen of a solar thermal collector was in a house in Western Upstate New York that was built in 1735. Exactly when the solar thermal collector was installed, I do not know. The designer installed iron pipes in a series of tubes on the zinc standing seam metal roof. The pipes were on the south side facing roof. The interior dimension of these pipes was approximately 1” and the series of pipes was more than 100 feet. In the basement he had a 100-gallon tank of water which was kept heated with a fire. This supplied a closed loop radiator system that provided heat for the house. Since then, many different variations of flat plate solar collectors have been utilized that absorb the heat from the sun using pipes full of liquid to provide domestic hot water and water source heating for the house. In the past two decades solar thermal collectors have advanced significantly and become more than 80 % more energy efficient in capturing and using the heat of the sun than flat plate collectors. This has been advanced through the technology of Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collectors (ETSC) As this system has improved and the demand for thermal energy has increased so has the price decreased to make it a much more viable option than flat plate solar collectors. Furthermore, the usable energy of the sun is 53% more energy efficient than the best technology Solar Voltaic Collectors. The highest energy consumption for residential use is in heating and cooling a house. So the first approach to addressing this issue is in lowering the house’s thermal load by making the envelope of the structure more resistant to heat loss or gain. The next step is to design a highly energy efficient heating and cooling system that most effectively uses the sun’s energy at the lowest cost for that exchange in energy both in initial cost and lifetime costs. So most would assume that the options would be in the question of using Solar Voltaic Collectors which generate direct electricity from the sun or Solar Thermal Collectors which capture heat energy? For many the comparison in cost between installing an Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collector or installing a Solar Photo- Voltaic Collector (PV) to do the same basic task of providing quiet, clean water source heating and continuous domestic hot water is all you care to know. A well-built, highly energy efficient house to best justify the initial cost of these systems is the same given. For a 1500-2000 square foot house the average cost of a Solar Photo-Voltaic Generator with inverters and back-up batteries is $30000. For one third of the face surface to operate a heat and cooling system using Photo-Voltaic generators you can install an Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collector which can heat and cool your home. In both applications the surface space is usually on the roof. For both the optimal location is where you have the longest solar exposure throughout the day and throughout the year. The roof may be the place for these installations; however, it is not always the best. In most cases the roof is not the best place for Photo-Voltaic Generators because the radiant heat from the roof affects it’s optimal function and shortens it’s life expectancy. So for PV Collectors the circulation of air over and under the unit is best and its average life expectancy is 11-17 years, depending upon what PV technology is utilized. The lithium batteries must be replaced on an average of every five years. The production and disposal of these batteries is a big long term question concerning sustainability, which I will address in a future blog post. For Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collectors, the radiant heat from the roof improves its thermal function and has no effect on its lifetime function. An Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collector will put out consistent direct solar thermal energy for at least 25 years. Usually, the only thing you may need to replace in such units are the evacuated tubes that might break or lose their vacuum seal. This involves the simple task of unscrewing an affected tube and screwing in a new tube. Now back to addressing the costs differences between a Solar Photo- Voltaic generator to produce the energy needed to heat and cool your house and the costs of Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collectors to do the same thing. The installation costs for such a unit including storage tanks and liquid circulators for 1500-2000 square foot home is $8500. What a difference! Such a small investment for a lifetime of free thermal energy from the sun. So, what is an Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collector (ETSC)? The aim of Solar thermal collectors is to absorb as much solar heat energy as possible and to retain that heat in a liquid medium. In other words, solar collectors convert solar radiation into thermal energy and reduce energy loss. ETSC’s improve this energy efficiency over flat plate absorption collectors by using glass or plastic cylindrical clear tubes that have within them copper tubes with a reflective backing that absorbs the radiant heat from the sun. These absorption tubes maintain their radiant energy by being sealed inside a clear vacuumed tube. This acts as a diathermia wall. The internal absorber is a copper heat pipe that contains a vaporized fluid that makes it possible for the heat transferred fluid to reach temperatures that exceed 250 degrees (F). This means that this heat has the possibility of running a steam electric generator or hydrolyzing hydrogen from water to be